BioEdge 248 -- Wednesday, 9 May 2007

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BioEdge 248: Massachusetts to invest US$1 billion in stem cells and biotech

THIS WEEK


bullet 
Massachusetts to invest US$1 billion in stem cells and biotech
      Governor expects biotech boom
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More Britons become suicide tourists
      Five years since Diane Pretty
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Newborn euthanasia dismissed by British Medical Journal
      A regressive step in view of medical progress
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Australia enters age of therapeutic cloning
      Victoria votes for embryonic stem cell research
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Sex selection kits sold over internet
      Fears of aborting babies of wrong sex
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Squinting to see the ethics
      Another reason to screen embryos
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Plastic immortality grows in popularity
      Plastination exhibits draw crowds and criticism
bullet 
Can 6-year-olds have transgender issues?
      Barbara Walters investigates
bullet 
BioEdge in the media

MASSACHUSETTS TO INVEST US$1 BILLION
    IN STEM CELLS AND BIOTECH

Governor Deval Patrick A US$1.25 billion spending package has been unveiled to make Massachusetts a major centre for embryonic stem cell research. Governor Deval Patrick told an international biotechnology conference in Boston that the funds would be used for grants for university and hospital scientists, special research centres, training biotech workers and so on. He also plans to create a stem cell bank for Massachusetts stem cell lines which could be used by scientists around the world.

In many ways the health of this industry and the health of our society are very closely linked," Mr Patrick said. "That's why we will not rest on our laurels." The huge amount will be made up of $1 billion in state money over 10 years, some borrowed through bond issues, plus $250 million in matching funds from private investors.

Despite the moral controversies hovering over embryonic stem cell research, several states are digging deep to support it. California has a $3 billion program, although at the moment it is mired in lawsuits. New Jersey has proposed $270 million; and New York has proposed $1 billion. Since the Bush Administration has restricted funding for embryonic stem cell research on ethical grounds, the states have decided to make their own run.

Ethical conundrums are largely being ignored in the rush to kick therapeutic goals. Massachusetts politicians, investors and scientists see stem cell research not just as potential therapies, but as a matter of regional pride. In the past, when scientists came to the state, says Dr Jack M. Wilson, president of the University of Massachusetts, the site of the new stem cell bank, "it felt like joining a team of great players, but there was no coach and no strategy. And those teams always lose,"

And the owner of the New England Patriots football team, Jonathan Kraft, has pledged to support local biotech. He didn't want to see a repeat of California's show-stealing success in computer technology. We're not going to let these other places pull our researchers out of here; we're going to get more aggressive," he says. ~ New York Times, May 9   

MORE BRITONS BECOME SUICIDE TOURISTS

Euthanasia campaigners in the UK are commemorating the fifth anniversary of the death of Diane Pretty. She suffered from motor neurone disease and in 2002 died after losing a long legal battle to seek immunity from prosecution for her husband so that he could help her commit suicide.

To mark the occasion, activists released figures about an increase in the number of Britons who are travelling to Switzerland to seek out a suicide clinic in Zurich run by the group Dignitas. In all 76 have died there. About 14 a year made the trip in 2003, 2004 and 2005, but the figure rose to more than 30 in 2006. ~ Independent, May 8   

NEWBORN EUTHANASIA DISMISSED BY BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

An editorial in the British Medical Journal has dismissed calls for the non-voluntary euthanasia of newborn babies. Professor Kate Costeloe, of the University of London, argues that the treatment options for severely disabled babies is improving in the UK. "The availability of active euthanasia as a therapeutic option would undermine this progress and be a step backwards," she writes. Euthanasia would only make sense for newborns if "the futility of continued treatment is certain". However, predictions that babies will end up severely disabled are not foolproof. "Clinicians... have to live with the probability that they have occasionally allowed a baby to die who would have thrived."

However, Professor Costeloe seems to have few reservations about withholding life support or actively withdrawing it for severely malformed children.

The topic has popped up because in the Netherlands, it has become effectively legal to actively kill seriously ill or malformed babies. This is believed to take place about 10 to 20 times each year and there would probably be 50 such cases in the UK. Some UK doctors see an inconsistency in the current state of the law. Children can be aborted up to birth, but if they are given a lethal dose of drugs one minute after birth, the doctor can be prosecuted for murder. ~ BMJ, May 5   

AUSTRALIA ENTERS AGE OF THERAPEUTIC CLONING

After a long and heated debate in the state parliament, Victoria has become the first state in Australia to allow therapeutic cloning. The Premier, Steve Bracks, boarded a plane for Boston immediately after the final vote. There he attended the biotechnology conference at which the governor of Massachusetts announced a US$1.25 billion biotech package.

Mr Bracks plans to promote Victoria as an investment location by highlighting its expertise in medical research and biotech. "We have great capacity and ability to find cures for some of the intractable diseases of the world," he told reporters. "And we're close to finding some of those." ~ Melbourne Herald Sun, May 4   

SEX SELECTION KITS SOLD OVER INTERNET

A company has begun to market sex selection kits over the internet in Britain. DNA Worldwide says that couples can determine the sex of their baby at just six weeks from a finger-prick of blood. It says that the test, which costs £189, is 99% accurate and that it will give refunds after wrong predictions.

Pro-life groups warned that customers would abort children simply because they were the wrong sex. Even the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists stated that it "strongly believes that sex selection for non medical purposes is inappropriate". However, the company strongly denies this view of its product: it simply allows parents more time to plan for their baby, it insists.

A similar kit appeared a couple of years ago in the US. Baby Gender Mentor was marketed to "the type of woman who can't wait to open Christmas presents". However a number of women launched a class action suit complaining that the test had failed. They also alleged that the company refused to honour its promises of a refund. ~ BBC, May 4   

SQUINTING TO SEE THE ETHICS

Adding to the number of conditions for which embryos can be designed for nervous parents who want a healthy baby, a London IVF clinic will give a couple the possibility of screening for squinting. Both the father-to-be and his father have a condition called congenital fibrosis of the extra- occular muscles. This causes the eyes to look in a different direction from the direction of the face. The UK's fertility watchdog, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, has given the London Bridge Clinic a green light to select an embryo without the faulty gene for the condition.

The director of Human Genetics Alert, Dr David King, was critical of the decision. "I really do think that this has gone a good deal too far because this condition, despite being, admittedly, perhaps somewhat disabling, doesn't shorten life in any way. The HFEA has ignored public opinion and has ignored its own rules which say that PGD should only be allowed for serious medical conditions." ~ BBC, May 8   

PLASTIC IMMORTALITY GROWS IN POPULARITY

Want to get plastinated? This is not an invitation to a boozy night out, but a novel way disposing of your mortal remains. Your body will be be preserved, dissected and displayed in globe-trotting exhibitions. For some it is an appealing option. According to an AP report, thousands of people have willed their bodies to the world's foremost plastinator, Dr Guther von Hagens, and his Body Worlds anatomy exhibit.

Although von Hagens originated the concept in 1977 -- body fluids are replaced by liquid plastic which hardens and allows the bodies to be displayed in their natural colour and without formaldehyde -- he now has competitors, mostly from China. They also tour the world with flayed mannequins posing as frozen sportsmen with vital organs in public view. A rival exhibit using Chinese corpses is touring Australia at the moment.

Surprisingly, some people want to seek a kind of immortality by joining the show. Since 1983, when von Hagens launched his donations program, 7,652 people have agreed to donate their bodies, of whom 461 have already died. "It's something that you want to do instead of being ashes or worm food, to be some kind of asset instead of being in the ground," says 49-year-old homemaker Susan Baxter.

The voyeuristic element in von Hagens's plastination exhibit has prompted much criticism. The current issue of the American Journal of Bioethics features a discussion of the trend. Bioethicist Lawrence Burns says "[its] educational aims are ambiguous, and some aspects of the exhibit violate human dignity. In particular, the signature cards attached to the whole-body plastinates that bear the title, the signature of Gunther von Hagens, and the date of creation mark the plastinates as artwork and von Hagens as the artist in a gesture that strips the personal dignity from the donors."

A health care ethicist at Georgetown University in the US, Carol Taylor, dismissed it as mere "commercial amusement". "My major objection stems from the belief that there's an innate dignity to humans that extends to our bodies," she told AP. "Anything that denigrates our bodies by commercialising them, I'm opposed to." However, another person who wants to become a plastinated stiff disagrees. "My body is just a vessel," says Stace Owens. "This is just what I have in this life." ~ International Herald Tribune, Apr 24   

CAN 6-YEAR-OLD HAVE TRANSGENDER ISSUES?

Barbara Walters's program 20/20 on the American ABC network is not famed for its nuanced presentations of complex topics. So its lurid coverage of transgender six-year-olds gives an insight into the kind of bioethical advice that the public is receiving. What 20/20 found was that hundreds of American families with troubled children have discovered each other on the internet and are creating a movement for acceptance of children who feel that they are locked into a body with the wrong sex.

Jazz Jennings is one of the children featured on the show. Now six, he (although 20/20 insisted on calling Jazz "she") has felt that he was a girl since he began to talk. After consulting medical textbooks and doctors, his parents decided to let him live as a girl, with frilly dresses and pink and purple sheets. They even had a kind of "coming-out" ceremony, when he had a pool party for his fifth birthday and wore a girl's one-piece bathing suit.

Later on his parents will probably get him to have hormone therapy, take estrogen to grow breasts and possibly have sex reassignment surgery. This family policy leads to social complications, but so far there have been no big problems. His teachers know that Jazz is biologically male, although he dresses like a girl, but most of his little friends do not.

More children were interviewed in other segments of the program, all with the message that the most painful thing for a child with this psychological disorder was not letting them be who they want to be. Not accepting their feelings would undoubtedly lead to self-hatred, lack of self-esteem, and even self-harm.

"At no point, regardless of how happy the child looks, is the child truly comfortable in his or her body or with his or her expected social roles," 20/20's transgender adviser says. "The only recourse for these children is to dress as they identify and hope that no one remembers what is really under their clothes." The treatment of this difficult issue is another example of how deeply confused notions of confused sexuality have taken root in US society. Nearly all the emailed comments were supportive and the journalists expressed no scepticism about the impossibility of changing a pre-school child's self-image. No opposing views from psychiatrists were aired. ~ 20/20, Apr 27   

BioEdge in the media

"Death for sale is a step into the dark"
by Michael Cook
Sydney Morning Herald, 9 May 2007   

 

  

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Australasian Bioethics Information
ISSN 1446-2117
Website:www.australasianbioethics.org
BioEdge editor: Michael Cook
New Zealand Contributing Editor: Carolyn Moynihan


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